The article examines the everyday practices and adaptation of Kazakh nomadic society during the Civil War of 1918-1920. Drawing on a wide range of archival materials from the State Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Documentation Center of Contemporary History of the East Kazakhstan Region, the study analyzes the political situation in the Steppe Region, the impact of the military-political crisis on the traditional way of life of the Kazakh population, and the forms of its adaptation to conditions of multiple competing authorities, economic pressure, and the disruption of economic ties. The methodological framework of the study is based on historical-anthropological, microhistorical, and comparative-historical approaches.

The study demonstrates that, under the conditions of the Civil War, Kazakh nomadic society developed a set of adaptive practices aimed at preserving the internal stability of local communities. These included the preservation of traditional institutions of self-government, collective decision-making practices, flexible interaction with different centers of political authority, and the adaptation of economic activities to wartime conditions. The study concludes that these forms of behavior constituted historically conditioned mechanisms of adaptation that enabled Kazakh nomadic society to preserve its social organization and resilience during a period of profound political and socio-economic crisis.