The article examines the socio-political situation, education and cultural development of ethnic groups living on the territory of Kazakhstan in 1987-1988. Considering its multinational statehood, Kazakhstan is a unifier of the culture of communication of all ethnic groups living in the country. Studying the history of interethnic relations in the socio-political situation of Kazakhstan in 1987-1988. allows you to study the ethnopolitical and ethnocultural history of today's independent Kazakhstan. The socio-political situation of ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan is one of the issues that requires constant research. Because many ethnic groups settled on Kazakh soil as a result of political pressure, coercion and persecution policies. That is why in the article the authors argue that it is important to form a correct scientific approach to the socio-political situation of ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan. After the Soviet era, maintaining interethnic stability in the country is considered the main direction of the state's internal policy. To consider the socio-political situation of ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan, the works of domestic and foreign authors were used, and archival data were also included in scientific circulation.