The article discusses the process of restoration and development of a general education school in the post-war years on the example of the Aktobe region. It is known that during the years of the Great Patriotic War the system of school education also experienced great difficulties. The lack of classrooms, supplies, clothing and footwear, and the deteriorating financial situation of families exacerbated the difficulties of teaching schoolchildren. Many social aspects related to post-war problems are covered in detail in this study. The role of public education bodies in the implementation of the law on general education, as well as the public and patronage organizations in the restoration of public education is revealed. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the dynamics of the growth of the school network, boarding schools and boarding schools is shown, changes in the contingent of students in them are traced, and the problem of staffing is analyzed. The author concludes that 1945 -1953. became a transitional stage in the development of the Soviet school, when, at the peak of the post-war devastation, the school was given a great responsibility not only to educate and educate the younger generation, but also to prepare schoolchildren for solving the new challenges of the future.