The article examines the phenomenon of dynastic politicians in Japan, its mechanisms and underlying socio-cultural and institutional features of society. The unique mechanisms of the Japanese political system are identified and analyzed. During the election campaign, dynastic candidates who have inherited a district from a relative are more likely to be elected to parliament. Not only the politicians themselves play an important role in this process, but also the bureaucracy, business, and constituency support groups. Moreover, this phenomenon is formally consistent with democratic institutions and does not cause discontent among the broad masses of Japanese society. At the same time, dynastic politicians are more connected to the participants in the political process and can participate in a more uneven distribution of resources.