Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese people have struggled against poverty as part of national development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). China has organized large-scale poverty alleviation practices with considerable results since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, paving a new path of development-oriented poverty alleviation with Chinese specificity. This path is an integral component of the process of building the “xiaokang” society (moderately prosperous society), which reflects the essence of Chinese socialism. Since the 18th CPC Congress in 2012, the whole Party, the country and society have been called upon to fully combat poverty under the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important anti-poverty statements. This opened a new phase of poverty alleviation oriented towards China's development in a new era. The issue of poverty eradication in China today is highly current now; therefore, the main goal of the article is to examine China's poverty eradication programmes, its specifics, ways and methods that have enabled the country with a billion population to eliminate poverty in a short period of time. China's experience in poverty reduction could be extremely beneficial to most developing countries in resolving their issues.