The article was described the history of archeological research of the medieval city of Taraz that located along the Great Silk Road, as well as the materials of historical studies of travelers, wanderer, ambassadors, historians, archaeologists who left written records about the city. Also, there were used written records about medieval city of Taraz from BC 568 for the first time. The arrival of a group of ambassadors from the Byzantine emperor Justinian, led by Zemarkh Kaliikisky in the same year also proves that Taraz was a major trade and economic center at that time. In addition, the written manuscripts by the Chinese clergyman Xuan Jian and the runic inscriptions engraved on the stone of the Kultegin monument depict the invaluable information about the life of the inhabitants of the Talas steppe. As well as, there were reported works on the medieval city of Taraz and researchers contributions to the study as M. Kashgari, M.Kh. Dulati, V.V. Barthold, A.N. Bernshtam, P.P. Lerch, M.E. Masson, L.N. Gumilev, Т.N. Senigova, S.P. Tolstov, A.Yu. Yakubovsky, A.Kh. Margulan, K.A. Akishev, K.M. Baipakov, L.B. Erzakovich, P.I. Patsevich, M.E. Eleuov.