In the article, the author proposes to get acquainted with some conclusions presented in the thesis on the topic “Stone Industries of Mesolithic and Neolithic Complexes of the Kustany Pritobol Region”. In this publication, we will focus on the specifics of the stone industry of the Mesolith in the Turgay trough. Taking into account the fact that collections in the monuments with different material and description of finds without taking into account their depths prevail in this region, a technical and typological method was applied to solve chronological and cultural problems. Judging by the nature of the raw materials used and the technical and typological parameters, the collected finds on eight monuments of the Turgay trough reveal close similarities with the materials of the Mesolithic monuments of the Southern and Middle Trans-Urals and the forest-steppe zone of the Tobol-Irtysh interfluve. The author of the article believes that the Mesolithic materials of the Turgay trough are comparable with the Trans-Ural Mesolithic cultural community and agrees with the opinion of V.S. Mossin on the formation of this community on a local Late Paleolithic basis. The publication substantiates the reasons that allow casting doubt on the point of view of V.N. Logvin in relation to the division of the Mesolithic monuments of the territory of the Turgay trough into two groups. The chronological framework of the Mesolithic monuments of the region under consideration falls within the limits of IX – VII B.C. and they are identified within relative time boundaries in the course of correlation with radiocarbon dates obtained on the Mesolithic monuments of the Southern Urals and the forest-steppe part of the Tobol-Irtysh interfluve.