The Council of People's Commissars of the KazASSR as a body of the highest legislative and executive power in Kazakhstan in 1920-1936 controlled the work of subordinate bodies, reported to the highest bodies, and as a result of its activities, a large number of documentary materials were formed, which actualizes the source aspect of studying its documents. In the context of the transformation of society, a comprehensive study of the historical experience of the past, its scientific analysis, is of particular importance. In this regard, these archival documents are attracting more and more attention of researchers. Especially in recent years, the general historical significance of archival materials as important, original evidence of historical reality has significantly increased. Of exceptional value in this regard is a retrospective analysis of the documentation and information fund of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (fund No. 30 of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan), which reflects the key problems of the history of Soviet society. Therefore, the article examines the documentary materials of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh Ssr as a historical source in the study of socio-political processes in Kazakhstan in the 20-30s of the twentieth century.