In the last quarter of the 19th century, political relations between the Ottoman Empire and Imperial Germany reached a high level and developed at a very fast pace at that time. One of the main directions of political relations between the empires was the construction of the Berlin-Baghdad railway, built at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries and called the "Project of the Century". The article examines the political significance of the Baghdad railway project for the Ottoman Empire and Germany. In addition, the international character and impact of the railway project is demonstrated, and a historical analysis of the intervention of world empires in the project is made. One of the main objectives of the article is to study the political positions of Great Britain and France on the political projects of Germany and the Ottoman Empire to extend the Anatolian railway to Baghdad and international issues arising in connection with this project.