In the second part of the article the author continues to discuss the reconstructions of the paleoclimatic conditions of the first half of the Holocene on the territory of the Turgay trough. In the first part of the article the results on paleoclimatic conditions in this region were presented. They were obtained using spore-pollen analysis of peatlands in the Kostanay region and recent reconstructions of the climate and natural environment of the Holocene era on adjacent territories. In the second part of the article the paleoclimatic conditions in the Turgay trough region in the first half of the Holocene are reconstructed using the data on fluctuations in the Aral Sea level and climatic conditions in the Central Asian deserts. The article creates an idea of the landscape on the territory of the Turgay trough in the first half of the Holocene, involving the issue of the origin and age of island forests.