The development of the Humanities, natural and applied Sciences has significantly expanded the source base of historical science and its informative value. Especially in recent years, Kazakh archaeology has been developing. Here, for example, we can give a comprehensive study of the Botai settlement, which has become widely known in the world of archaeology. In the above-mentioned complex, using traditional and innovative methods of studying archaeological, paleozoological and paleogeographic sources, specialists received information that Kazakhstan is the first territory of horse domestication. 40-year comprehensive research of Botai settlement has given unique materials for science, which testify to the origin and development of horseman culture, the origins of the steppe civilization. During this period, in particular, the cultural identity, absolute and relative chronology of Botai-type monuments were determined, economic, socio-ethnic, spiritual components of Botai culture, forms and directions of development, causes of the cultural crisis and vectors of its transformation were reconstructed; the use of kumiss by Botai people was proved in foreign laboratories; the theory of archaeological Botai culture with its internal historical, ethnographic, ideological, economic, and social contexts is developed. As a research task, the authors determined an attempt to evaluate the results of many years of work on the problems of Botai culture