This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethnodemographic development of the population of the Aktobe Region during the period 2016–2026. The aim of the study is to examine population dynamics, changes in ethnic composition, natural population growth, migration processes, and the impact of urbanization on regional demographic development based on official statistical data, population census materials, and demographic indicators. The research employs historical-comparative, statistical, systemic, and demographic analysis methods. The findings indicate that the Aktobe Region experienced steady population growth during the study period, accompanied by an increase in the proportion of the Kazakh population, while the share of other ethnic groups declined due to migration processes. The study also examines changes in the urban-rural population ratio, the level of urbanization, natural increase, and the age-sex structure of the population. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive assessment of the current ethnodemographic processes in the Aktobe Region during 2016–2026 based on up-to-date statistical data and in evaluating their impact on the region's socio-economic development.