Within the framework of the study, an analysis of key primary sources and scholarly works was conducted, providing a deeper understanding of the impact of imperialist policies on the spread of the ideology of Turkism.

During the late 19th - early 20th century, although the Russian Empire viewed Pan-Turkism as a threat to its territorial integrity, its policies toward nationalities inadvertently fostered conditions that facilitated the movement’s development. This paradox highlights the intricate relationship between colonization and national identity, which evolved through close interaction and demonstrated a dynamic of mutual influence.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the paradoxical nature of imperial colonization policies became evident in Kazakh society. The empire's “civilizing” policies, implemented in the fields of education, culture, and religion, accelerated the formation of an intellectual elite and contributed to the strengthening of intellectual and political movements within Kazakh society. Concrete results of this development can be seen in the three political projects: the Alash Autonomy, the Turkestan Autonomy, and the activities of the Shura-i Ulema party.

Thus, the Russian Empire's policy of undermining local cultural identity actually acted as a catalyst for the spread of «Turkism» ideas and the strengthening of national consciousness in the Kazakh steppe.