In the article, the author considers the problem of development of history textbooks in the Soviet period, in particular, the situation in 1920-1930 on the basis of materials of historiography and decrees of the Soviet authorities. The author identifies and substantiates the intricacies of the formation of uniform Soviet identity in history textbooks, which dates back to the years of Soviet rule in Kazakhstan. Thus, analyses relevant cases from Kazakhstan. Moreover, the contribution of Kazakhstani public figures and scientists of the early twentieth century in the development of textbooks and programs on domestic history is investigated. The article discusses the changes in Soviet historical science in the 1930s. It is concluded that the formation of the Soviet historical concept had an impact on national history.