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Bulletin of Abai KazNPU. Series of Historical and social-political sciences

THE SARAISHYK MINTS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE ULUS OF JOCHI NUMISMATICS: AREAS OF CIRCULATION, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL TIES

Published September 2026

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Atyrau University named after Kh.Dosmukhamedov
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U.T. Akhmetova

1Atyrau University named after Kh.Dosmukhamedov, Acting Professor of the Department of History of Kazakhstan and World History, Doctor of Historical Sciences

State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve “Saraishyk"
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J.R. Baigaliev

State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve “Saraishyk”, Senior Researcher, Master

State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve “Saraishyk"
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A.K. Muktar

Director of the State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve “Saraishyk”,

Doctor of Historical Sciences

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of coins minted in the medieval city of Saraishyk within the context of the numismatics of the Ulus of Jochi. It examines their geographical distribution, chronology, and role in the system of economic and political relations. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of numismatic materials discovered during archaeological excavations. Methods of numismatic attribution, epigraphic reading, and typological comparison were applied in the analysis of the coins. In addition, the numismatic data were compared with scientific catalogues and the international database ZENO.RU. The research results made it possible to clarify the total number of coins minted in Saraishyk and identify their main issuers, including the khans Murad, Uljay-Timur, Bulat, Ilbak, Tokhtamysh, and Dervish. The numismatic materials indicate that coin minting in Saraishyk mainly dates to the second half of the 14th century and coincides with the period of political instability in the Ulus of Jochi. This suggests that during the weakening of central authority, the city’s importance as a regional economic and administrative center significantly increased. Furthermore, the discovery of Saraishyk - minted coins in archaeological sites and hoards located in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine demonstrates their wide geographical distribution. These data indicate that the city of Saraishyk played an important role in the system of international trade and monetary circulation in the Volga–Ural region.

The results of the study highlight the strategic importance of Saraishyk in the economic, political, and trade relations of the Ulus of Jochi period and contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of monetary circulation in the Golden Horde.

Language

Қазақ

How to Cite

[1]
Ахметова, У., Байғалиев, Ж. and Мұқтар, Ә. 2026. THE SARAISHYK MINTS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE ULUS OF JOCHI NUMISMATICS: AREAS OF CIRCULATION, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL TIES. Bulletin of Abai KazNPU. Series of Historical and social-political sciences. 3, 90 (Sep. 2026). DOI:https://doi.org/10.51889/2959-6017.2026.90.3.025.