The article examines in detail the activities of secular and Muslim educational institutions in the Turkestan region in the second half of the XIX-early XX centuries in an interdisciplinary manner. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the formation and development of the education system in the region on the basis of historical data and scientific works, as well as to identify effective interdisciplinary methods and approaches to its teaching. The author makes a comparative analysis of the structure, educational content, teaching methods and social activities of secular schools (Russian-Correctional schools, city schools) and traditional Muslim Educational Institutions (schools, madrasas). In the course of the study, the activities of these educational institutions are considered not only in historical, but also in pedagogical, cultural and source aspects, and their place and role in society are comprehensively revealed. In addition, issues such as the colonial educational policy of Tsarist Russia, the Enlightenment movement of the local population, and the influence of Jadid reforms are widely analyzed. The article used archival documents, statistical data, periodicals and works of domestic and foreign researchers as sources.

Through interdisciplinary learning approaches, students ' opportunities for developing historical thinking, skills of critical data analysis and understanding of cultural and social processes are revealed. In addition, the effectiveness of using interactive methods, including infographics, intelligence maps, comparative analysis and methods of working with data, will be demonstrated. As a result of the study, the importance of integrative, interdisciplinary approaches in teaching the peculiarities of the education system in the Turkestan region is proved and practical ways of their application in the modern educational process are proposed.