The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the history of writing The Secret History of the Mongols, its original version and title, its dissemination, as well as the translations carried out by foreign and domestic scholars, their scientific hypotheses, and various perspectives. In addition, particular attention is given to the fundamental works of medieval authors aimed at a deep analysis of the content of The Secret History of the Mongols and the elucidation of its source-critical characteristics.

The Secret History of the Mongols is an invaluable written historical source for the comparative study of the medieval history, language, literature, and spiritual culture of the Turkic-Mongol peoples. This monument contains important information concerning the ethnogenesis of the Kazakh people, their ancient origins, and tribal composition.

In the course of the analysis, data reflected in historiographical and literary works known to the peoples of Central Asia since the medieval period, as well as in oral historiographical traditions, were identified and systematized. The methodological basis of the study consisted of a comparative analysis of the scientific conclusions and research findings of domestic and foreign scholars devoted to The Secret History of the Mongols.