The article analyzes the social and labor role of women in South Kazakhstan during the Second World War (1941-1945). The study examined the “double burden” and revealed the consequences of women simultaneously carrying out industrial and domestic duties. Based on archival documents, it is proven that the role of women in society during the war years was of particular importance. In addition, the phenomenon of social mobility is considered. This phenomenon, which first emerged from the research of the Russian-American sociologist  Pitirim Sorokin, provides a great opportunity to study the formation of the role of women in society during the war years. During the war years, women took on the work and duties of men who went to the front. As a result, their position in society increased, and a kind of vertical social mobility was formed. Through work in the rear, industrial activity, and participation in public organizations, women gained new status and prestige. At the same time, new opportunities for professional training opened up during the war years, and the dynamics of the social structure intensified. During the war years, women played an important role in the humanitarian and medical fields, so their work was of great importance not only in material terms, but also in moral terms.