This article is dedicated to the study of programs and reforms that were accepted in educational system of Kazakhstan in 1991-2018. The authors analyze main issues existing in educational system of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the last 27 years and evaluate new ideas and initiatives that were realized in order to overcome the difficulties. In addition, the authors describe a transition of the educational system towards international standards and gives a list of problems in this field to be solved. Considering the specifics of execution of legislative acts adopted in the field of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the authors seek to disclose in the conditions of timely execution, optimal and impossible solutions of these laws. The authors seek to investigate 4 principal levels of education in the period from 1991 to 1996, based on statistical data that preschool education and upbringing, secondary education, higher education and postgraduate education remain difficult. The Balon system reflects the accession of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the entry of the bachelor-master-doctorate system into regional higher education institutions, as well as the transition of the education system in accordance with international standards and the list of problems that can not be solved at present.