The article analyzes the features of the Soviet socio-economic transformation carried out in the Mangystau region during the 1930s based on archival sources. The study uses protocols of electoral commissions, citizens petitions and complaints, as well as documents related to the exposure of kulaks. The article examines issues such as the deprivation of political rights, the application of the concept of a socially alien element, and the classification of peasants as kulaks for using hired labor. In addition, specific examples illustrate the social conditions of citizens deprived of voting rights and how their families faced hunger and unemployment. The study reveals the peculiarities of Soviet social control policy in Mangystau and analyzes its socio-political and economic consequences for rural society. The research results show that in the Soviet system, the deprivation of political rights was applied not only to individuals but also to their family members. Furthermore, the documents demonstrate that the concept of “kulak” was excessively broadened, allowing administrative bodies to classify ordinary working peasants as exploiters. The content of the sources indicates that Soviet policy implemented ideological objectives through legal mechanisms, thereby reinforcing social injustice. Documents preserved in the Mangystau Regional State Archive including electoral commission decisions and nominal lists show that Soviet authorities sought to strengthen political control and reconstruct society along class lines by depriving entire social groups (such as merchants, clergymen, former officers, and exiled persons) of political rights. These materials demonstrate that campaigns of confiscation and political disenfranchisement had a direct impact on the everyday life of the population, its material culture, and social structure.