The article examines the establishment and functioning of the Provisional Government’s commissars introduced in the Turkestan region after the February Revolution of 1917. The main objective of the study is to determine the position of the commissars within the regional power structure, their political and legal status, and the outcomes of their activities. The paper analyzes the work of commissars at provincial, district, and local levels, their role in reforming the police, organizing local self-government, and preparing for the elections to the Constituent Assembly. It also explores the relationship between commissars and public organizations. New archival sources from Kazakhstan and Russia are introduced into scholarly circulation. For the first time, the activities of the commissar institution in Turkestan are studied as an independent research object, with a comprehensive analysis of their political stances and practical actions. The article’s novelty lies in the systematization of archival documents that reveal the commissars’ work, the identification of their legislative and administrative practices, and the critical reassessment of earlier historiographical interpretations. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the political history of Turkestan and the development of state governance institutions in the early 20th century. Special attention is given to the status of the provincial commissar as the local representative of the Provisional Government, who was responsible for overseeing the implementation of decrees and regulations concerning self-government and local administration.