This article explores the historical and political significance of the Kurultai institution in the Turko-Mongol tradition, along with its organizational features. The Kurultai, as a traditional council format, played a key role in the political system of ancient steppe states. It served as a forum for addressing major issues such as the election of a khan, decisions on military campaigns, the formulation of internal and external policies, and the regulation of inter-tribal relations. The study analyzes the role of Kurultais in the imperial governance system during the era of Genghis Khan, as well as the continuity of this tradition in the Golden Horde, the Chagatai Ulus, and the Kazakh Khanate, using specific historical examples. The author views the Kurultai not only as a tool of power but also as a reflection of the consensus-based political culture in medieval Turko-Mongol societies. The research employs various scientific methods, including historical-comparative, systematic, source-based, and structural-functional analysis. Special attention is given to the Kurultai’s place in political culture, manifestations of traditional democratic elements, and the historical continuity within the Turko-Mongol civilization. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the political history of the Turko-Mongol peoples and provides insights into the evolution of their traditional governance systems.