The article examines modernization and value construction processes in Kazakhstan within a socio-historical framework. The research employs a combination of historical-social analysis, content and intent analysis of strategic documents, survey data (including the World Values Survey), and case studies of protest mobilizations, electoral campaigns, and institutional reforms. Findings reveal that since the mid-1990s, the official symbolic policy has shaped the value framework of modernization discourse through the triad “stability – development – unity,” which gradually evolved into hybrid constructions emphasizing innovation and global competitiveness. The results indicate that Kazakhstani society maintains a complex combination of traditional and modernization-oriented values, reflected in the persistence of collectivist practices and the growing post-materialist orientations among youth. A comparative analysis of international experiences (East Asia, Eastern Europe, Central Asia) highlights the critical importance of aligning universal values with local cultural specificities. The study concludes that the sustainability of modernization strategies in Kazakhstan depends on the ability to integrate institutional reforms with symbolic policy while addressing diverse social expectations.