The history of the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Kazakh ASSR (1920–1936) occupies a special place in the study of social, cultural, and educational policies of early Soviet Kazakhstan. This period was marked by intense transformations when the system of public education, language policy, and cultural initiatives shaped a new Soviet identity and laid the foundation for societal modernization. Despite the significance of the People’s Commissariat for Education as an institution responsible for the cultural and educational development of the republic, the historiographical base of its study remains fragmented and insufficiently systematized. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting a comprehensive bibliographic analysis of scholarly publications dedicated to the activities of Narkompros of the Kazakh ASSR, its personnel structure, and institutional dynamics. The objective of the research is to identify the main directions of historiographical studies on Narkompros, to systematize the existing scholarly heritage, and to determine the degree of representation of the commissariat’s key figures in contemporary academic literature. To achieve this goal, an interdisciplinary approach was applied, which included bibliographic analysis, content analysis, elements of prosopography, and data visualization using digital tools such as VOSviewer. Following the PRISMA methodology, 33 scholarly publications were selected for analysis and historiographical interpretation. The results of the study revealed that the core of historiography is concentrated around topics related to the institutional development of Narkompros, its role in the eradication of illiteracy, cultural policy, and national educational initiatives. A significant concentration of studies is dedicated to the biographies of individual commissars, such as Akhmet Baitursynov and Temirbek Zhurgenov; however, a personalized analysis of the majority of the commissariat’s members remains underdeveloped. The analysis of keyword thematic clusters identified four leading trends: the archival turn, interdisciplinarity, chronological deepening, and a lack of biographical research. These observations form the basis for further exploration of Narkompros as an institution reflecting the complex processes of cultural modernization, national policy, and social transformation in Kazakhstan during the 1920s and 1930s.