The article examines the history and activities of military commissariats created in Western Kazakhstan and their role in organizing the defense of the Fatherland based on new archival data. It is well known that in the history of states, deadly wars and armed conflicts often occur to protect the freedom of their country and land. In such cases, of course, the role of the armed forces, that is, the army, is important. Thanks to a well-organized army with appropriate military equipment, new lands were conquered or an attack on the country and land by an external enemy was repelled. Of course, there is no doubt that military units, soldiers and military leaders in their composition played a special role in strengthening the country's defense capability. Thanks to their unfading courage, today we live in an independent state.

However, not enough attention is paid to the issue of Military Commissariats — a military institution that prepares and carries out mobilization into the armed forces, organizes the recruitment of young people for military service, takes into account the personnel and economic potential of the armed forces and is engaged in other work in this area. In this scientific article, we decided to focus not only on the history and activities of the Military Commissariats, but also on their role in organizing the protection of freedom and independence of the country, their historical significance.