This article explores the socio-historical representations in the works of Kazakh writers during the 1920s–1950s, a complex and turbulent period in Kazakh history. The era was marked by increased political and ideological pressure from the Soviet regime, as well as efforts to preserve and develop national historical and cultural identity. The creative works of Kazakh writers reflected the living conditions of the people, social injustices, and political oppression, vividly portraying the spiritual and material state of society. Amidst upheaval and censorship, writers often faced repression but strived to preserve national consciousness through their literature. The article analyzes the works and lives of writers of the period in conjunction with historical sources, highlighting their societal roles and influence on national identity. This study underscores the importance of literature in revealing national and social issues in Kazakh history and offers a new perspective on the literary process in the first half of the 20th century. It serves as a valuable scholarly foundation for understanding the struggle, creativity, and socio-political legacy of Kazakh writers during this era. The article also examines the works of Kazakh writers of the 1920s–1950s within the context of historical and social realities. This period was one of the most difficult and controversial in the history of the Kazakh people, marked by the establishment of Soviet power, Stalinist repressions, famines, and political-ideological pressure. These historical circumstances had a profound impact on the daily lives of the population, their social conditions, and national identity. In their literary works, Kazakh writers reflected the pressing issues of the time through artistic means, including social injustice, class inequality, colonial oppression, famine, and political persecution. Literature became a spiritual mirror of society and an important tool for conveying social truth. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the public role of writers and their contribution to the formation of national consciousness. This study highlights the significance of Kazakh literature in addressing social issues in the first half of the 20th century and offers new approaches to rethinking the literary legacy from a contemporary perspective.