The article analyzes the development of Kazakh-Russian relations of the XVI-XVIII centuries. The peculiarity of Kazakh-Russian diplomatic relations is the implementation of an active and balanced foreign policy. Russian Russian state's interest in Kazakhstan has especially increased since the 2nd half of the XVI century, after the establishment of trade and diplomatic relations between the Russian state and the Central Asian khanates. Diplomatic relations reached a significant level and developed in the second half of the XVIII century between the Kazakh khanate and the Russian state. In the early 30s of the XVIII century, Kazakhstan's desire to strengthen ties with Russia is growing. The reason was the increased aggressiveness on the part of neighbouring States. Analyzing the history of Kazakh-Russian relations of the XVI-XVIII centuries, it is emphasized that many archival documents have not yet been studied, there are many undisclosed pages.