The article examines the development of Soviet historical science and the opposition to cosmopolitanism in the context of post-war ideological campaigns. The consideration of Soviet historiography as a consequence of aggressive ideological pressure formed a limited understanding and had an impact on the professional and personal lives of individual historians. The post-war period, especially the period of "late stalinism" (1945-1953), was closely tied to the stability of the soviet system and the international status of the USSR. Purpose and objectives. The primary aim of this article is to conduct a thorough examination of the evolution of soviet historical scholarship during the post-war era, as well as to analyze the impact of ideological campaigns on historians and their research efforts. The article also examines the features and limitations of Soviet historical science through the analysis of complex social and political factors in the context of the influence of ideological pressure on historiography, science, and culture, as well as changes in the historical discourse of the "late Stalinism" period and professional competition among historians. Results. The study demonstrated that the examination of methodology, objectivity in historical science, and the formation of diverse perspectives plays an important role. Additionally, the study revealed the specific characteristics and limitations of Soviet historical science, as well as provided an understanding of the impact of ideological pressure on the development of historical knowledge and the scientific community.