The scientific article examines the development of Kazakh-Turkish relations within the USSR during the difficult period of the global economic crisis of 1921-1990. Archival data proves that there were no direct contacts between the Kazakh SSR and the Turkish Republic during the period under study, but only through the leadership of Soviet Russia. Political relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire began to take shape in the 16th century. However, for 530 years, political and diplomatic relations between the two states continued through mutual rivalry and historical struggle. Historically, bilateral relations have been full of contradictions and military conflicts between geopolitical entities. Periods of cooperation and joint action as a union began only in the 20-30s of the twentieth century. This period, which began in 1917 and ended in 1939, can be defined as years of friendship and cooperation between the two countries. The article analyzes the Turkish policy of the Soviet state in Soviet-Turkish relations. Political relations between Soviet leaders and the Turkish government are divided into three historical periods. The 1960-1990s are characterized as the first period of the beginning of the development of cultural ties between the Kazakhs and Turkey. The study used scientific works of Turkish and Russian scientists, and documents from the Central Archive of Kazakhstan were used as the main data. The article is widely researched on the basis of comparative analysis and chronological historical method.