This research article analyzes the role and function of the Institute of Heroes in Kazakh society. The Institute of Heroes, as a social estate in the Times of the Kazakh Khanate, performed a special socio-political function in the XVIII-XIX centuries. In particular, the heroes participated not only in the battles for the defense of the Fatherland, but also participated in the Khan's Council in the country's management system and went on long trips between states in embassies. For example, in the time of Abylai Khan, Kazakh heroes fought against the invasion campaigns of the Dzungarian, Kokand and Qin Empires and visited embassies for the purpose of diplomatic agreements between Russia and the Qin Empire. Then it is noted that even in the time of Kenesary Khan, heroes performed a special function. They were involved in the affairs of protecting the country from the enemy, visiting embassies, managing the country. However, the institution of Khanate power and heroes in the Kazakh Khanate was abolished by the reform of the Tsarist Russian Empire in 1822. The Institute of heroes formed a special social group of the Kazakh people. The works of domestic and foreign scientists about the Institute of Heroes were considered and historiographic analyzes were made. Then the materials of archival and manuscript funds were attracted to scientific circulation and they were used for writing this work.