In the scientific community, the question of the colonial policy of Russian tsarism in the field of education and religion is one of the most pressing problems today. Religion and education are an inseparable part of spiritual enslavement. This policy was carried out through missionary work and the planting of Russian schools. In the proposed publication, the author analyzes the process of tsarist colonial policy in the field of education and religion on the basis of documentary materials. Considering the government's policy in this area, it can be argued that the orientation of the colonial administration in the non-Russian regions of the country was focused on the abolition of national schools. Schools were centers of ethnic identity formation. Such a policy was applied to all the colonial outskirts of the Russian Empire, as a result of which the quality of education in foreign schools was low, the main purpose of which was to educate a pro-Russian-oriented young generation. The article reveals the basic principles and methods of the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan. The author shows the policy of the authorities actively opposing the spread of Islam, creating favorable conditions for the spread of Orthodox faith, including violent. Various aspects of the process and the consequences of the conversion of the indigenous population to Orthodoxy are considered.