The article analyzes the situation of agricultural development in the Syrdarya region of Turkestan region in the II half of the XIX-early XX centuries. In today's post-Soviet space, the trend of rethinking the historical past is actively continuing. At the same time, the historical analysis of the situation of agricultural development on the territory of the Syrdarya region of the Turkestan region in the second half of the XIX-early XX centuries is also relevant. During these years, the Syrdarya region of the Turkestan Region was a land owned by the state of tsarist Russia. Tsarist Russia considered the territory of the Turkestan region to be part of the empire. The issue of the development of economic forms in the region and obtaining economic profit has become important. This manifested itself, especially in the development of a type of farm that was surprising to settlers, such as cotton cultivation.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, senatorial audits of A. A. Kaufman, N. Gavrilov, K. K. Palen were carried out in the Turkestan Region. The reports on the work of this commission determine the pace of development of agriculture in the Syrdarya region. Information on such important issues as the order of use of irrigated land in the region, land relations between nomadic and settled populations has been preserved. On the territory of the Syrdarya region of the Turkestan region in the second half of the XIX-early XX centuries, such important types of economy as nomadic cattle breeding, sowing of grain crops, cotton growing, gardening developed.