The article discusses the history of paleontological and geological research conducted in the Atyrau region in the 18th-20th centuries. Includes an analytical review of the sources of the paleontological and geological three-hundred-year history of the Atyrau region. The work is based on the study of many scientific reports and articles, works of researchers of the 18th-21st centuries. Archival materials, collections of rare books, and labels from paleontological collections were used.

In the second half of the 18th century, the interest of neighboring countries in this region increased, and travelers and individual naturalists, who collected information necessary for the interests of their states, began to actively study this region. In addition to information about the peoples living in this region, their way of life and way of life, political situation, they also provided information about the exploitation of some minerals, their existence and distribution. In the 20th century, in order to study the geological structure and minerals of the regions, create geological maps, carry out geological exploration and determine the age of deposits, targeted studies of certain regions of the region were carried out.

On the territory of the Atyrau region, employees of various research institutes conducted research on various topics: All-Russian Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI), A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis,Russian Geological Research Institute(VSEGEI), Russian Academy of Sciences Geological Institute of SB RAS, the All-Russian Research Institute of Geophysical Research Methods (VNIIGeophysics), geological departments of Kazakhstan and other organizations.