The article analyzes the nature of the ancient Turkic runic writing and scientific views on its origin. Through a comparative analysis of the views of researchers on this topic, an original conclusion was made about the features of the emergence of ancient Turkic writing, scientific hypotheses. The purpose of the article is to analyze scientific opinions about the emergence of Turkic writing and reflect on it. In the ancient Turkic period, the Eurasian steppes were inhabited by Turkic tribes. They created their own khaganates and sought political, economic and military dominance. The Turks were able to establish complete dominance over the vast territory of Eurasia. The Turkic tribes were distinguished not only by their political, economic and military power, but also by the presence of a rich spiritual culture. The presence of Turkic writing is proof of the existence of a unique civilization of nomadic Turkic tribes. Ancient Turkic writing was also in great demand in the Middle Ages. The first research work on this script began at the end of the 17th century. As a result of expeditions of travelers and geographers in the early years, a lot of information was collected about the ancient Turkic writings. Since the end of the 19th century, ancient Turkic writing has been systematically studied. The Danish scientist V. Thomsen was the first to reveal the secret of runic writing and paved the way for fundamental research. Russian and Soviet scientists also made a great contribution to the study of ancient Turkic writing.