End of the ХIII-th century - first half of the ХIV-th century researchers of the history of the Golden Horde are characterized as the years of greatest stability and flourishing of urban culture. There is an active revival of cities that suffered during the conquest, dozens of new cities and large settlements appear. This period of intensive growth falls mainly during the reign of Uzbek Khan (1312-1342).

According to the analysis of archaeological material collected as a result of expeditionary work, publications and archival reports of the last decade, more than 50 cities and settlements of Saryarka of the XIII-XIV (XV) centuries were found. According to the location of the monuments of urban culture, several main geographical areas of localization of medieval settlements of the XIII-XIV (XV) centuries on the territory of Saryarka can be distinguished - these are the Nura-Ishim interfluve, the Ulytau-Zhezkazgan region, the Irtysh steppe, the Kazakh Tobol and the Caspian steppes.