In this article were considered the issues of trade, commodity exchange and the trend of economic growth during the Southern Song and Yuan Dynasty, based on Western and Eastern sources. Authors in the process of writing the article come to these such kind of number of assumptions and conclusions. With the coming to power of the Mongols, their ties with the Asian region strengthened. The complex system was formed with a gradation of duties and fees depending on the type of goods. During the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties, China actively traded with its neighbors, exported silk, porcelain and other medicinal plants. During the Southern Song Dynasty it was exported the copper. In the period of the Yuan Dynasty horses were exported from Yunnan, as well as camphor, ivory, precious woods, tortoise shell, cotton, precious stones, incense, glass and spices were imported during the Southern Song, under the Mongols, the main items on this list were preserved, and the horse trade intensified. At the result authors concluded that the coming to power of the Yuan dynasty had a positive impact on the trade situation in the region.