The article deals with the issue of the popular movement in the Guryev district in the 20s of the last century, its causes and consequences. The 1920s were of particular importance in the formation and development of the economy of the oil region. If we turn to the documents stored in the archives, the main economy of the region was oil production and the fishing industry. Also, settlements located far from production were engaged in agriculture. in January, the Red Army liberated the region from the White Cossack armies, and after a two-year war, the country embarked on the path of peaceful development. located along the Zhaiyk River. The first peasant uprising took place in the city of Guryev and the uprising did not stop, although it was brutally suppressed. The article presents the history of the peasant uprising in the region in the 1920s. archival data and research.