In 1932-1991 South Kazakhstan region on the basis of archival documents not previously included in scientific circulation. the process of formation of healthcare is being studied. In addition, additional information will be provided on the state policy in this area and on the measures taken to improve the health of the population. Back in the Soviet period, the healthcare system of the South Kazakhstan region was focused on training specialists in the field of medicine, processing medicines and medicines by establishing links with scientific centers, organizing medical events, building hospitals in settlements and strengthening their technical base. The introduction into scientific circulation of data from the funds of the South Kazakhstan Regional Archive and the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the chronological period of the article includes a detailed description of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the region by period, the definition of growth and decline indicators, as well as a detailed description of the main issues. The medical branch of the region developed during the Second World War and in the 1970s. This was due to the location and identity of the region. The article is based on the methods of comparative historical scientific research, historiographical systematization of data and source search.