The article discusses the implementation of state religious policy in the south of Kazakhstan in Soviet times. Attention is drawn to the legislative framework of the religious policy of the Soviet state, methods of combating religious associations and adherents of religion. The religious situation and the role of Islam in the daily life of the population of southern Kazakhstan after the war were examined in more detail. Despite the intensified struggle against religion during this period of Soviet history, it was concluded that the proportion of believers and supporters of religion in Kazakhstan, including in the southern region, was not small