The purpose of the research work is to determine the level and features of the development of the education system in the city of Turkestan during the period of the Russian Empire. To analyze the provisions of educationin the areawith all its inherent changes during the period, on a solid source base, the state of public education is traced, the structure and study programs of Muslim educational institutions (maktabs and madrassas) before colonization of the areaand modifications in the educational system during the years of the colonial regime as exemplified by Turkestan.

The value of the study arises in the fact that the level of preservation of traditional education system, the transformation process in the system of public education in the colonial period in the specific example of Turkestan was revealed, the importance of new-methodical schools and the state of public education in the region were shown.

The value of the study is seen in the fact that revealed the level of preservation of the traditional education system, studied the transformation process in the public education system in the colonial period with a specific example of Turkestan city, shown the importance of new method schools the importance of new method schools and the state of public education in the edge.

Research results prove that the issue of educational policy in relation to the Kazakh population, despite some transformations in the Turkestan GeneralGovernorship, was considered through the prism of the Muslim issue as one of the methods of integration of the region into the general imperial space.