This article examines the emergence of the state «Dzungar Khanate», which in historical science is known as the western branch of the Mongols. Considering themselves the direct successors of the once great Mongols of Genghis Khan, having adopted the code of laws «Their Tsaaz», the Dzungars led an independent foreign and domestic policy. Special attention is paid to the origin of the ethnonyms «Mongol», «Oirat», «Kalmyk», as there is still no consensus in science. The common roots of the formation of Kazakhs and Oirato-Kalmyk-Dzhungars are shown.