In this publication, based on the involvement of numerous primary sources, episodes of the most important military operations of the insurgent Kazakhs under the leadership of the legendary batyr Zh.Nurmukhamedov in the struggle against the Khivans, Kokands and Tsarist Russia are traced. The most significant periods in history of the Kazakhs' struggle for freedom and independence are traced.
The authors come to the conclusion that the national liberation movement of the Kazakhs under the leadership of Zhankozha Nurmukhamedov acquired a mass character and was directed against the colonial expansion of the tsarist colonialists. The insurgents included not only the Shekti clan, but also Kazakhs of other clans, in particular, Karasakal and Tortkara. The uprising was attended not only by the sedentary population of the Syr Darya, but also by nomadic divisions and communities from the Kazaly regions and the Aral Sea.