In the article, the authors consider the history of the creation of nomadic aul schools in Akmola, Semipalatinsk region. The formation process of primary education in the Russian Empire in the second half of the ХІХ - early ХХ century is analyzed. The peculiarity of the creation of nomadic schools, the content of the educational process, the material and technical condition is revealed. The number of aul schools is indicated.
Also in the article the rules that have been adopted on aul schools had analyzed. The authors, on the basis of extensive factual material, studying the topic of creating nomadic schools in the West Siberian educational district, compare them with the Orenburg educational district. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that it studies the specific feature of the aul school in the system of primary education in the Russian Empire.