The indicator of the socio-economic well-being of Kazakhstan, including East Kazakhstan, was directly related to the development of the transport sector. The article examines the factors and problems, achievements and shortcomings that influenced the formation and development of this industry. The post-Soviet period is taken outside the chronological framework of the topic. This is due to the fact that during this period the foundation of the existing transport infrastructure was laid.
When considering the topic, an objective historical analysis was carried out on the basis of Soviet and domestic research.
The relevance of the article lies in the insufficient knowledge of the geographical area under consideration (East Kazakhstan).