The article considers the region of Caspian Sea as a conflict zone in the XIX century, forming a geopolitical and socio-economic space, which forms the freedom of movement (sea shipping) of goods, capital, labor, which has a special impact on the regionalization of the territory. Over the XIX century, certain sections of the Caspian coast belonged not only to Russia, therefore, as one of the leading empires of that century, it needed to form world economic relations primarily with Persia, as well as expand the contours of the Caspian region.