This article examines the relationships between Japan and the Middle Eastern countries, focusing on the energy factor and its impact on Japanese foreign policy. Japan has been dependent on oil and gas imports from the region for decades, shaping its diplomatic activity and economic ties with Middle Eastern states. Historical aspects are analyzed, including the oil crises of 1973 and 1979, which revealed the vulnerability of the Japanese economy to global shocks. Special attention is given to Japan’s interactions with Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, as well as the influence of U.S. policies on Tokyo’s decisions. The study explores the ongoing competition between the U.S. and China in the region and its implications for Japan’s strategic interests. China is actively increasing investments in the infrastructure and energy sectors of Middle Eastern countries, threatening the positions of Japan’s traditional partners, particularly the U.S. In response, Tokyo is expanding its presence by signing agreements on cooperation in renewable energy, hydrogen technologies, and nuclear energy. The findings of the article highlight the need for Japan to balance its economic interests, diplomatic caution, and growing ambitions in the security sphere. Given the changes in the global energy market, China’s increasing influence, and potential shifts in U.S. policies, Japan must develop a long-term strategy for cooperation with the Middle East, minimizing risks and strengthening its regional position.

Keywords: Middle East, Energy Dependence, Japanese Diplomacy Maneuvering, U.S.-China Rivalry.