This article examines the religious situation in the South Kazakhstan region from the 1920s to the 1950s and the implementation of anti-religious policies during the Soviet period. Archival materials reveal that Islam played a significant role in the spiritual life of the region’s population and survived by adapting to the conditions of Soviet ideological policy. Along with Islam, the region’s religious composition included Orthodox, Protestant, Jewish, and Lutheran communities; however, their numbers were small, and their activities encompassed only Limited social groups. In the postwar period, most mosques and churches were closed, but religious communities continued their activities unofficially. This demonstrates the preservation of the spiritual traditions of the region’s population and the continuity of religious continuity. The study’s results confirm that the religious space of South Kazakhstan was distinguished by its multi-confessional nature, historical continuity, and strong traditions of religious tolerance.