The Alash Movement represented a vivid manifestation of the rapid awakening of political consciousness and national revitalization among the Kazakh people in the early twentieth century. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural and institutional activities of the Alash Movement in East Kazakhstan, with particular attention to its center in the city of Semey. Following the February and October Revolutions of 1917, Kazakh intellectuals began to take concrete steps toward the establishment of national statehood by proclaiming the Alash Autonomy and forming the Alash Orda government. Semey was selected as the provisional capital of the autonomy, transforming the region into one of the movement’s key political centers.

The study is based on a wide range of rare historical sources housed in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Documentation Center of Contemporary History of the East Kazakhstan Region. These sources include official correspondence, orders, and letterheads bearing the official seal of the Eastern Division of the Alash Orda, as well as documents reflecting communication with local authorities and other power structures such as the Provisional Siberian Government, Kolchak’s administration, zemstvo institutions, and city councils.

The aim of the research is to conduct an institutional-level analysis of the structure, functions, and political-legal interactions of the Eastern Division of the Alash Orda government. The article examines the efforts to establish military, administrative, judicial, and militia systems, the degree of cooperation with local institutions, and their respective roles within the broader concept of autonomy. The research employs historical-genetic, institutional, comparative, and systemic methods of analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic reconstruction of previously fragmented data on the activities of the Eastern Division, offering a coherent historical and theoretical portrait of its operations. This article deepens understanding of the regional dimensions of the Alash Movement and provides a new perspective on the initial stages in the formation of Kazakh statehood. From a historical perspective, the study makes a valuable contribution to the comprehension of the institutional foundations of national modernization in the early twentieth century.