This article explores popular protests and uprisings in response to the Soviet Union's agrarian reforms carried out in Kazakhstan between 1929 and 1931. The collectivization campaign and the policy of eliminating wealthy peasants as a class were enforced through coercive measures such as property confiscation, forced resettlement, and social pressure. These actions disrupted the traditional rural order and led to a sharp decline in living standards, intensifying social tensions.

Against this backdrop, various forms of resistance emerged, particularly in Eastern Kazakhstan—ranging from peaceful demonstrations to armed confrontations. Special focus is placed on protest movements in the Semipalatinsk region, where peasant dissatisfaction escalated into direct conflict.

The study, based on archival materials, analyzes the causes and prerequisites of these protests, their regional specificities, and their level of organization. It also examines the repressive methods used by Soviet authorities, including the deployment of military force, mass arrests, deportations, and punitive actions. Newly introduced archival data provide fresh historical insights into the nature, causes, and timeline of the peasant uprisings in the region.