The article examines the history of healthcare in the territory of Central Kazakhstan, based on archival data, which reflects the relationship of household and social living conditions with the level of childhood morbidity in the Khrushchev period. Soviet history is rich in events that radically influenced the healthcare sector in Kazakhstan: the establishment of Soviet power on Kazakh territory; famine of the 1920s, 1930s; Great Patriotic War in 1941-1945; nuclear tests on the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site (1949–1963); change of leaders of the USSR and Kazakh SSR and others. The period of the second half of the 1950s - the second half of the 1960s is characterized as a time of recovery after the military events of the 1940s, which negatively affected the size of the Kazakh population and its public health. It is impossible not to note the fact of attracting the younger generation to work as one of the results of past military events, which led to a decrease in the quality of health of working children and the generation following them. Nuclear tests conducted on the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site also could not but affect the morbidity pattern in the Karaganda region, taking into account internal migration. The influence of these and other factors is analyzed in this article, prepared on the basis of archival materials of the State Archive of the Karaganda Region.